Homocysteine serum levels in patients with ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a case-control study / Homocisteína sérica em pacientes com aneurismas rotos e não rotos: um estudo caso-controle

Abstract Background There is very few data regarding homocysteine's influence on the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Objective To compare homocysteine levels between patients with ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms, and to evaluate possible influences of this molecule on vasospasm and functional outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective, case-control study. We evaluated homocysteinemia differences between patients with ruptured and unruptured aneurysms; and the association of homocysteine levels with vasospasm and functional outcomes. Logistic regressions were performed. Results A total of 348 participants were included: 114 (32.8%) with previous aneurysm rupture and 234 (67.2%) with unruptured aneurysms. Median homocysteine was 10.75μmol/L (IQR = 4.59) in patients with ruptured aneurysms and 11.5μmol/L (IQR = 5.84) in patients with unruptured aneurysms. No significant association was detected between homocysteine levels and rupture status (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.96-1.04). Neither mild (>15μmol/L; OR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.32-4.12) nor moderate (>30μmol/L; OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.54-1.81) hyperhomocysteinemia demonstrated significant correlations with ruptured aneurysms. Neither univariate (OR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.71-1.0) nor multivariable age-adjusted (OR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.75-1.05) models evidenced an association between homocysteine levels and vasospasm. Homocysteinemia did not influence excellent functional outcomes at 6 months (mRS≤1) (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.94-1.16). Conclusion There were no differences regarding homocysteinemia between patients with ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms. In patients with ruptured aneurysms, homocysteinemia was not associated with vasospasm or functional outcomes.

RESUMO Antecedentes Existem poucos dados sobre a influência da homocisteína na formação e rotura de aneurismas intracranianos (AI). Objetivo Comparar os níveis de homocisteína entre pacientes com AI rotos e não rotos e influências no vasoespasmo e resultados funcionais. Métodos Estudo caso-controle, que avaliou as diferenças de homocisteinemia entre pacientes com aneurismas rotos e não rotos, além da associação entre níveis de homocisteína, vasoespasmo e estado funcional. Regressões logísticas foram realizadas. Resultados Um total de 348 participantes foram incluídos: 114 (32,8%) com aneurismas rotos e 234 (67,2%) não rotos. A homocisteína mediana foi de 10,75μmol/L (IQR = 4,59) nos rotos e 11,5μmol/L (IQR = 5,84) nos não rotos. Não houve associação significativa entre os níveis de homocisteína e o status de ruptura (OR = 0,99, 95% CI = 0,96-1,04). Nem a hiperhomocisteinemia leve (>15μmol/L; OR = 1,25, 95% CI = 0,32-4,12) nem a moderada (>30μmol/L; OR = 1,0, 95% CI = 0,54-1,81) mostraram correlações significativas com aneurismas rotos. Modelos univariados (OR = 0,86; 95% CI = 0,71-1,0) e multivariados ajustados por idade (OR = 0,91; 95% CI = 0,75-1,05) não evidenciaram associação entre homocisteína e vasoespasmo. A homocisteinemia não influenciou resultados funcionais excelentes em seis meses (mRS ≤ 1) (OR = 1,04; 95% CI = 0,94-1,16). Conclusão Não houve diferenças em relação à homocisteinemia entre pacientes com aneurismas intracranianos rotos e não rotos. Em pacientes com aneurismas rotos, a homocisteinemia não foi associada ao vasoespasmo ou resultados funcionais.

Hemorragia subaracnoidea asociada a aneurisma cerebral con malformación arteriovenosa / Subarachnoid hemorrhage related to a cerebral aneurysm with arteriovenous malformation

Los aneurismas asociados a las malformaciones arteriovenosas son lesiones vasculares que suelen encontrarse hasta en el 15 % de los pacientes que las presentan, lo que incrementa el riesgo global de hemorragia. Se presenta una paciente de 53 años de edad que sufrió un cuadro agudo de hemorragia subaracnoidea; en el estudio se evidenció la presencia de un aneurisma de comunicante anterior y malformación arteriovenosa distal de la arteria cerebral anterior izquierda, el cual requirió procedimiento quirúrgico debido al sangramiento. La evolución de la paciente fue satisfactoria y sin complicaciones.

Aneurysms associated with arteriovenous malformations are vascular lesions that are usually found in up to 15% of the patients who present them, which increases the overall risk of bleeding. We present a 53-year-old female patient who suffered from an acute subarachnoid hemorrhage; the study revealed the presence of an anterior communicating aneurysm and a distal arteriovenous malformation of the left anterior cerebral artery, which required surgical procedure due to bleeding. The evolution of the patient was satisfactory and without complications.

Comportamiento de indicadores relacionados con la asistencia a pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea espontánea en la provincia de Cienfuegos

Fundamento: la importancia sanitaria de la hemorragia subaracnoidea espontánea, como problema de salud, es un hecho reconocido. Objetivo determinar el comportamiento de algunos indicadores relacionados con la asistencia médica a pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea espontánea, en el contexto provincial. Métodos estudio observacional, descriptivo-correlacional y retrospectivo, de 96 pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea espontánea entre 2016 y 2021. Se analizó el comportamiento de indicadores seleccionados, en su relación con diversas variables. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó como estadígrafo el Odds Ratio y su intervalo de confianza. Resultados el 22 % de los pacientes fue diagnosticado pasadas las primeras 48 horas del inicio de los síntomas, mientras que 13 enfermos (14 %) requirieron más de una asistencia para el diagnóstico. La ocurrencia de diagnóstico tardío cuando no se identificó el sangramiento en la primera consulta fue significativa (OR 21,8[5,1;91,8]). Doce pacientes fueron admitidos fuera de unidades especializadas; esta situación se observó más en pacientes menores de 60 años (21% vs 4 %; OR 5,7[1,1;27,9]), y en quienes el diagnóstico se realizó después de las 48 horas del inicio de las manifestaciones (29 % vs 8 %; OR 4,6[1,3;16,2]). De los 35 pacientes trasladados a otra institución para tratamiento neuroquirúrgico solo cuatro (12 %) fueron evacuados en las primeras 72 horas. Conclusiones se identifican brechas en la atención al paciente con hemorragia subaracnoidea en el contexto provincial; se destacan el ingreso de enfermos fuera de unidades especializadas y el traslado tardío a instituciones con servicio de cirugía neurovascular.

Background: the spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage's health importance, it's recognized as a health problem. Objective: to determine the behavior of some indicators related to medical care for patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, in the provincial context. Methods: Observational, descriptive-correlational and retrospective study of 96 patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage between 2016 and 2021. The behavior of selected indicators was analyzed in relation to various variables. In the statistical analysis, the Odds Ratio and its confidence interval were used as statisticians. Results: 22% of the patients were diagnosed after the first 48 hours after the onset of symptoms, while 13 patients (14%) required more than one assistance for diagnosis. The occurrence of late diagnosis when bleeding was not identified at the first visit was significant (OR 21.8[5.1;91.8]). Twelve patients were admitted outside of specialized units; this situation was observed more in patients under 60 years of age (21% vs 4%; OR 5.7[1.1;27.9]), and in whom the diagnosis was made 48 hours after the onset of manifestations (29% vs 8%; OR 4.6[1.3;16.2]). Of the 35 patients transferred to another institution for neurosurgical treatment, only four (12%) were evacuated in the first 72 hours. Conclusions: gaps are identified in the patients' care with subarachnoid hemorrhage in the provincial context; The admission of patients outside specialized units and the late transfer to institutions with neurovascular surgery service stand out.

Embolización de aneurismas intracraneales múltiples en sesión única

Objetivo: Determinar los resultados clínicos y angiográficos en pacientes con aneurismas intracraneales múltiples tratados endovascularmente en una única sesión. Materiales y Métodos: Se incluyó a todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años con aneurismas múltiples (≥2), rotos o no rotos, tratados con terapia endovascular en una única sesión entre 2019 y 2021. Se recolectaron los datos clínicos y angiográficos. Se determinó la tasa de oclusión inmediata y del seguimiento. La escala de Rankin modificado se usó para valorar el resultado clínico. Resultados: Se trataron 25 pacientes, de los cuales 14 se presentaron con hemorragia subaracnoidea. Se diagnosticaron un total de 78 aneurismas, de los cuales 59 aneurismas fueron tratados. La localización más frecuente fue el segmento oftálmico. La altura máxima promedio fue de 5.2mm, lo cual tuvo diferencia estadística significativa con el estado de ruptura (p ≤ 0.02). El principal tipo de tratamiento endovascular fue la técnica de remodeling en el 39 % de casos. El Raymond Roy inmediato fue I en el 60 % y IIIa en el 35 % de casos. La tasa de complicaciones fue del 24 % y de mortalidad fue del 8 %. Conclusiones: El tratamiento endovascular en una única sesión es una opción efectiva y segura en casos de aneurismas intracraneales múltiples en nuestra institución con tasa de oclusión y complicaciones aceptable.

Objective: To determine clinical and angiographical outcomes in patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms who underwent endovascular therapy in a single session. Materials and Methods: Patients older than 18 years with multiple (≥2) ruptured or non-ruptured aneurysms were included, and all of them underwent endovascular therapy in a single session between 2019 and 2021. Clinical and angiographic data was collected. Immediate occlusion and follow-up data were collected. Rankin modified scale was used for assessing clinical outcomes. Results: Twenty-five patients were treated, and fourteen had subarachnoid hemorrhage. Seventy-eight aneurysms were diagnosed, and 59 of them were treated. The most frequent location was at the ophthalmic segment. Maximum average height was 5.2- mm, which showed significant statistical difference with a ruptured condition (p≤0.02). The main modality for endovascular therapy was the remodeling technique, which was used in 39% of all cases. Immediate Raymond Roy staging was I in 60% of all cases, and IIIa in 35% of all cases. Complication rate was 24%, and mortality rate was 8%. Conclusions: Single session endovascular therapy is an effective and safe option for cases of multiple intracranial aneurysms in our institution. Occlusion and complication rates were acceptable.

It's not always postdural puncture headache: a case report and note to the astute anesthesiologist

Abstract Dural puncture is either diagnosed by unexpectedly profound response to medication test dose or development of a postpartum postural headache. Epidural blood patch is the gold standard for treatment of PDPH when conservative management fails. However, postpartum headaches can be resistant to multiple epidural blood patches. In such cases, preexisting intracranial processes should be considered and ruled out. We report here the unique case of a pregnant patient who developed a resistant headache in the postpartum period related to an incidental intracranial aneurysm. Subsequent treatment with endovascular embolization adequately relieved her symptoms. Early surgical consultation and a multidisciplinary team approach involving neurology and neuroimaging is required for successful management of patients such as the one described here.

Manejo ultra temprano del aneurisma cerebral roto. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Ultra-early management of ruptured brain aneurysm. A case report and literature review

Introducción : Los aneurismas intracraneales representan el 85% de casos de hemorragias subaracnoideas, dentro de las cuales las no traumáticas tienen una alta tasa de mortalidad (40-60%). En el manejo endovascular y microquirúrgico de esta enfermedad, el debate ha sido siempre intenso respecto a si el tratamiento temprano produce un beneficioso resultado funcional y reduce la morbi-mortalidad del paciente. Caso Clínico : Paciente mujer de 54 años, admitida con cefalea súbita y cuadro neurológico que cursó con rápido deterioro. La tomografía mostró hemorragia subaracnoidea por ruptura aneurísmica del complejo comunicante anterior; fue sometida a microcirugía dentro de las primeras 24 horas y transferida luego a UCI, sin complicaciones. Discusión : El tiempo de resolución, sea mediante clipaje microquirúrgico o tratamiento endovascular es tema de intensos debates. Las guías actuales señalan la necesidad del manejo más temprano posible de la patología. Conclusión : En nuestro caso, se obtuvo un buen resultado funcional debido a varios factores uno de ellos el ingreso precoz a cirugía. La actualización de las guías y nuevos estudios ayudarán a mejorar el conocimiento de la enfermedad y protocolos hospitalarios adecuados a la realidad clínica ayudarán a reducir su tiempo de resolución.

SUMMARY Introduction : Intracranial aneurysms account for 85% of all subarachnoid hemorrhages. Non-traumatic SAH has a high mortality rate (40-60%). Regarding the microsurgical and endovascular management for this pathology, there has been intense debate on whether early action is beneficial in terms of functional outcome and reduction of morbi-mortality. Clinical case : A 54-year-old woman admitted with a sudden, severe headache and a rapidly deteriorating neurological state at baseline, and with deterioration at the next hour. Tomography showed a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery; the patient underwent surgery within the first 24 hours, with subsequent ICU management without complications. Discussion : The resolution time of this condition, either by micosurgery or endovascular management is a matter of intense debate. International guidelines point out the need of an earliest possible treatment. Conclusion : In our case, a good functional result was obtained due to several factors, one of which was early admission to surgery. The updating of guidelines and new studies will help to better understand the pathophysiology of SAH, and the creation of hospital protocols adapted to clinical realities will assist to reduce the resolution time of this pathology.

Role of temporary arterial occlusion in subarachnoid hemorrhage outcomes: a prospective cohort study

Purpose: Temporary arterial occlusion (TAO) is a widespread practice in the surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms. This study aimed to investigate TAO's role during ruptured aneurysm clipping as an independent prognostic factor on short- and long-term outcomes. Methods: This prospective cohort included 180 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms and an indication of microsurgical treatment. Patients who died in the first 12 hours after admission were excluded. Results: TAO was associated with intraoperative rupture (IOR) (odds ratio ­ OR = 10.54; 95% confidence interval ­ 95%CI 4.72­23.55; p < 0.001) and surgical complications (OR = 2.14; 95%CI 1.11­4.07; p = 0.01). The group with TAO and IOR had no significant difference in clinical (p = 0.06) and surgical (p = 0.94) complications compared to the group that had TAO, but no IOR. Among the 111 patients followed six months after treatment, IOR, number of occlusions, and total time of occlusion were not associated with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in the follow-up (respectively, p = 0.18, p = 0.30, and p = 0.73). Among patients who underwent TAO, IOR was also not associated with GOS in the follow-up (p = 0.29). Conclusions: TAO was associated with IOR and surgical complications, being the latter independent of IOR occurrence. In long-term analysis, neither TAO nor IOR were associated with poor clinical outcomes.

Analysis of influencing factors on post-treatment in-stent stenosis of intracranial aneurysm using Pipeline embolization device / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the incidence, clinical significance and influencing factors on in-stent stenosis(ISS) after treatment of intracranial aneurysms by Pipeline embolization device(PED).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 161 patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with PED at the Department of Interventional Radiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2015 to July 2021. PED was implanted into the parent artery through the femoral artery approach after general anesthesia. The first DSA follow-up duration time and imaging data were collected, and the patients were divided into ISS group and non-ISS group accordingly. The degree of aneurysm occlusion was evaluated by O′Kelly-Marotta(OKM) grading scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to identify the factors related to ISS.Results:A total of 179 PED were employed in 161 patients with 168 aneurysms. Eighty-eight (52.38%) aneurysms were treated by PED only, and 80 (47.62%) aneurysms by PED combined with coiling. After a median follow-up of 6 (5, 7) months, 31(18.45%) aneurysms had ISS within the PED, of which 16(9.52%) cases were with mild stenosis (<50%), 13 (7.74%) were with moderate stenosis (50%-75%), and 2(1.19%) were with severe stenosis (>75%). All patients with ISS showed no relevant clinical symptoms. One (0.60%) patient with ISS underwent balloon angioplasty. Univariate analysis showed that the stent diameter, aneurysm location, triglyceride level, the diameter of distal parent artery, and the diameter of proximal parent artery were associated to ISS. Further multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the stent diameter (OR=0.332, 95%CI 0.191-0.578, P<0.001) and triglyceride level (OR=1.641, 95%CI 1.034-2.605, P=0.036) were independent factors of ISS. Conclusions:ISS is a common benign complication after PED treatment. The current results suggest that small stent diameter and high triglyceride level are independent factors of ISS.

Clinical value of high-resolution vessel wall imaging and silent magnetic resonance angiography in re-examination after intracranial aneurysm embolization / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical application of time of flight-magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA), silent magnetic resonance angiography (SilenZ-MRA) and high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) in non-invasive evaluation of intracranial aneurysm after embolization.Methods:From February 2021 to February 2022, 39 patients, including 8 males and 31 females, who were 29-86 (54.50±11.80) years old and had received intracranial aneurysm embolization were collected in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the image quality score and the evaluation results of lumen stenosis rate in the stent segments by TOF-MRA, SilenZ-MRA and HR-VWI. The diagnostic value of TOF-MRA, SilenZ-MRA and HR-VWI was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with DSA as the reference standard.Results:The image quality scores of TOF-MRA, SilenZ-MRA and HR-VWI were 2(1, 3), 4(3, 4) and 4(4, 4), respectively, with statistically significant difference ( H=80.78, P<0.05). The pairwise comparison results were as follows: TOF-MRA vs SilenZ-MRA, P<0.017; TOF-MRA vs HR-VWI, P<0.017; SilenZ-MRA vs HR-VWI, P>0.017. The lumen stenosis rates of stent segments measured by TOF-MRA, SilenZ-MRA, HR-VWI and DSA were 45.00% (29.60%, 61.05%), 17.60% (10.80%, 26.80%), 13.35% (8.90%, 15.95%) and 7.95% (4.80%, 11.25%), respectively, with statistically significant difference ( H=67.96, P<0.05). The results of comparison between TOF-MRA, SilenZ-MRA, HR-VWI and DSA were respectively as follows: TOF-MRA vs DSA, P<0.017; SilenZ-MRA vs DSA, P<0.017; HR-VWI vs DSA, P>0.017. DSA review showed that 12 (27.91%,12/43) aneurysms were not completely embolized, and 31 (72.09%, 31/43) aneurysms were completely embolized. The area under the curve of TOF-MRA, SilenZ-MRA and HR-VWI for evaluating the postoperative complete embolization of aneurysm was 0.75, 1.00 and 0.94, respectively, with statistically significant differences between TOF-MRA and HR-VWI ( Z=2.53, P<0.05) as well as between TOF-MRA and SilenZ-MRA ( Z=3.32, P<0.05). Conclusions:HR-VWI can clearly display the stent-segment lumen of the parent artery, and evaluate the stent-segment arterial wall and whether the stent-segment lumen is unobstructed or not. SilenZ-MRA is significantly superior to TOF-MRA in the evaluation of postoperative embolization status of aneurysms, and slightly superior to HR-VWI in tumor neck display. Combined application of HR-VWI and SilenZ-MRA has certain clinical significance for non-invasive evaluation of intracranial aneurysm after embolization.

Safety and effectiveness of Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coiling in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a single-center observational study / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To investigate the safety and effectiveness of Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coiling in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.Methods:This was a retrospective, single-center observational study of 77 patients who underwent endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms using the Neuroform Atlas device at the Department of Neurology, People′s Liberation Army General Hospital from July 2020 to May 2022. There were 34 males and 43 females, with a median (range) age of 59 (23-81) years. The degree and effect of aneurysm embolization were evaluated by modified Raymond grading post procedure and after 6 months. Complications occurring during the perioperative period were recorded. Vaso computed tomography was performed immediately after the operation to assess stent opening and adherence. Digital subtraction angiography was performed 6 months after discharge and the aneurysm was classified as cured, stable, or recurrent.Results:A total of 87 Atlases were successfully released in 77 cases. Angiography performed immediately after the embolization revealed 19 (24.7%) modified Raymond grade Ⅰ, 10 (13.0%) grade Ⅱ, and 48 (62.3%) grade Ⅲa cases. Three perioperative complications were observed including thrombotic events in 2 cases and stent migration in 1 case. A follow-up angiogram was available for 47 aneurysms, and showed that modified Raymond grade Ⅰ occlusion was achieved in 38 (80.9%) cases, grade Ⅱ in 2 (4.3%) cases, and grade Ⅲa in 7 (14.9%) cases. At the 6-month follow-up, 38 patients were cured and 7 were stable, whereas 2 patients experienced a recurrence of aneurysm. Stenosis of the parent artery occurred in 3 (6.4%) cases, including 2 at the head and 1 inside the stent.Conclusions:The results of this preliminary study suggest that Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coiling has a high occlusion rate and low incidence of complications in the endovascular treatment of aneurysms. However, the effectiveness of this procedure for large aneurysms and long-term outcomes require further investigation.

Dual antiplatelet therapy in stent-assisted coil embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a comparison of ticagrelor and clopidogrel / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To compare the safety and efficacy of ticagrelor and clopidogrel in dual antiplatelet therapy for stent-assisted embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.Methods:Patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms received stent-assisted embolization in the Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were retrospectively included. According to the preprocedural dual antiplatelet therapy scheme, they were divided into aspirin+clopidogrel group (clopidogrel group) and aspirin+ticagrelor group (ticagrelor group). The incidence of ischemic and bleeding events was compared between the clopidogrel group and the ticagrelor group at 3 months after procedure. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze independent risk factors for postprocedural ischemic and bleeding events. Results:A total of 195 patients were included. Their age was 58.15±10.11 years and 75 were males (38.5%). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of bleeding events (12.8% vs. 5.9%) and ischemic events (14.9% vs. 18.8%) at 3 months after procedure between the ticagrelor group ( n=94) and the clopidogrel group ( n=101). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking (odds ratio [ OR] 6.085; 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.589-13.012; P=0.019], hypertension ( OR 4.547, 95% CI 1.589-13.012; P=0.005), aneurysm at the branch vessel ( OR 3.089, 95% CI 1.122-8.504; P=0.029), and the use of flow diverter ( OR 3.111, 95% CI 1.062-9.110; P=0.038) were the independent risk factors for postprocedural ischemic events. Triglycerides might be an independent risk factor for postprocedural bleeding events ( OR 1.435, 95% CI 0.989-2.082; P=0.057), but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions:In dual antiplatelet therapy for stent-assisted embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, ticagrelor and clopidogrel have the same safety and efficacy.

Endovascular treatment of ruptured lobulated anterior communicating artery aneurysms: A retrospective case series study of 24 patients / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment for ruptured lobulated anterior communicating artery aneurysm (ACoAA).Methods:Patients with ruptured lobulated ACoAA received endovascular treatment in Sanming First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from June 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively included. Their demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics, endovascular treatment methods and follow-up results were collected.Results:A total of 24 patients with ruptured lobulated ACoAA were included, including 9 males (37.5%) and 15 females (62.5%). Their age was 56.2±8.9 years old (range 39-74). The time from rupture to endovascular treatment was 10.9±12.5 h. The maximum diameter of the aneurysms was 5.1±1.0 mm and neck width was 3.0±0.7 mm. Nineteen patients (79.2%) were double-lobed and 5 (20.8%) were multilobed. Fisher's grade: grade 2 in 16 cases (66.7%), grade 3 in 6 cases (25%), and grade 4 in 2 cases (8.3%). Hunt-Hess grade: grade 0-2 in 5 cases (20.8%), grade 3-5 in 19 cases (79.2%). Glasgow Coma Scale score: 9-12 in 14 cases (58.3%), 13-15 in 10 cases (41.7%). Immediately postprocedural Raymond-Roy grade: grade 1 in 23 cases (95.8%), grade 2 in 1 case (4.2%). Raymond-Roy grade in imaging follow-up for 2 weeks to 3 months: grade 1 in 23 cases (95.8%), grade 2 in 1 case (4.2%). Follow-up for 2 to 12 months showed that 21 patients (87.5%) had good functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2), and there were no deaths.Conclusion:Endovascular treatment is a safe and effective treatment for ruptured lobulated AcoAA.

Predictors and prediction scores of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in patients with aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage / 国际脑血管病杂志

Shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (SDHC) is a common and serious complication of aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The incidence of SDHC after aSAH was 9%-36%, and it is associated with the poor outcome of patients. This article reviews the predictors and prediction scores of SDHC after aSAH.

Gut microbiota and cerebral vessel diseases / 国际脑血管病杂志

Gut microbiota is involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. The bidirectional communication between intestinal flora and brain can also be conducted through the neuro-immune-endocrine network, namely, the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". A number of studies have shown that the "microbiota-gut-brain axis" disorder plays an important role in the occurrence, development and prognosis of some cerebrovascular diseases, such as cerebral small vessel disease and stroke. This article introduces the latest research progress of the relationship between gut microbiota and cerebrovascular diseases, so as to provide more ideas and options for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.

Does the use of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy offer protection against the formation or rupture of intracranial aneurysms in women?: a systematic review and meta-analysis

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of using oral contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy as a protective factor in the formation of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS: This is a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis, using PubMed and Embase as databases and the PRISMA method. Case-control and cohort studies published until December 2022 were included in this review. RESULTS: Four studies were included in this review; three of which were eligible for meta-analysis. Regarding the use of oral contraceptive and the development of subarachnoid hemorrhage, there was a lower risk of aneurysm rupture with an odds ratio 0.65 (confidence interval 0.5-0.85). In the analysis of patients using hormone replacement therapy and developing subarachnoid hemorrhage, there was also a lower risk of aneurysm rupture with an OR 0.54 (CI 0.39-0.74). Only one article analyzed the formation of intracranial aneurysm and the use of hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptive, and there was a protective effect with the use of these medications. oral contraceptive: OR 2.1 (CI 1.2-3.8) and hormone replacement therapy: OR 3.1 (CI 1.5-6.2). CONCLUSION: The use of hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptive has a protective effect in intracranial aneurysm rupture and formation.

Aneurismas intracraneales, no rotos en pacientes de la provincia Sancti Spíritus / Non-ruptured intracranial aneurysms in patients from Sancti Spíritus province

Fundamento: Los aneurismas intracraneales cuando se fisuran provocan una hemorragia subaracnoidea. No obstante, no todos se rompen y algunos pueden ser encontrados de manera casual en un estudio imaginológico y se les denomina incidentales o asintomáticos según el paciente presente, o no, historia previa de otro saco que se haya roto con anterioridad. Tratar un aneurisma intracraneal no roto es un desafío para líderes clínicos y quirúrgicos. Objetivo: Describir las características y evolución de una serie de 91 aneurismas intracraneales incidentales y asintomáticos en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital General Camilo Cienfuegos de Sancti Spíritus entre los años 2010 y 2020. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo con una muestra no probabilística de 91 aneurismas incidentales y asintomáticos encontrados en 72 pacientes mediante estudios imaginológicos. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, dimensiones, forma irregular, sitio de localización, método de tratamientos empleados, mortalidad y morbilidad. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes con edad entre 45 y 65 años y hubo un predominio del sexo femenino. Fue mayoritario el aneurisma de mediano tamaño y la localización más frecuente fue la comunicante anterior. Se detectaron variables clínicas y morfológicas predictivas de complicaciones. Los pacientes no intervenidos quirúrgicamente evolucionaron mejor. Se detectaron varios pacientes con familiares de primer y segundo grado afectados por aneurismas intracraneales. Conclusiones: Los aneurismas intracraneales no rotos predominan en mujeres de la quinta y sexta década de la vida. Factores morfológicos como el tamaño del saco, la altura máxima del domo y la razón de aspecto se relacionaron con la aparición de complicaciones en los pacientes operados. El síndrome de aneurisma intracraneal familiar debe tenerse en cuenta en pacientes con antecedentes de familiares de primer y segundo grado con aneurismas intracraneales.

Background: Intracranial aneurysms when ruptured cause subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, not always they rupture and some may be found by chance in an imaging study and they are called incidental or asymptomatic depending on whether or not the patient has a prior event of additional ruptured sac formerly. Treating a non-ruptured intracranial aneurysm is a challenge for foremost clinical physicians and surgeons. Objective: To describe the characteristics and evolution of a series of 91 incidental and asymptomatic intracranial aneurysms in patients treated at the General Hospital Camilo Cienfuegos in Sancti Spíritus between 2010 and 2020. Methodology: Descriptive and quantitative study with a non-probabilistic sample of 91 incidental and asymptomatic aneurysms found in 72 patients through imaging studies. The variables studied were: age, sex, dimensions, irregular shape, site of location, method of treatment used, mortality and morbidity. Results: Patients aged between 45 and 65 years predominated with a predominance of female sex. The majority were medium-sized aneurysms and the most frequent location was the anterior connecting aneurysm. Clinical and morphological variables predictive of complications were detected. Patients who did not undergo surgery had a better evolution. Several patients with first and second relatives' degree affected by intracranial aneurysms were detected. Conclusions: Non-ruptured intracranial aneurysms predominate in women in the fifth and sixth decade of life. Morphological factors such as sac size, maximum dome height and aspect ratio were related to the happening of complications in operated patients. Family intracranial aneurysm syndrome should be considered in patients with a history of first and second relatives' degree affected by intracranial aneurysms.

Instrumento predictivo de rotura de aneurismas intracraneales en pacientes de Sancti Spiritus, Cuba

Fundamento: la estratificación del riesgo de rotura de los aneurismas intracraneales es importante para decidir la conducta ante aquellos pacientes con aneurismas que son incidentales o asintomáticos. No existe consenso para determinar la realización de intervención quirúrgica o seguimiento médico de estos pacientes. Objetivo: elaborar un instrumento predictivo de rotura de aneurismas intracraneales incidentales. Métodos: se incluyó una muestra de 152 pacientes con diagnóstico, mediante angiografía por tomografía axial computarizada, de aneurismas intracraneales saculares rotos (n=138) y no rotos(n=22). Se trabajó con 160 imágenes de aneurismas intracraneales. Los 152 pacientes fueron divididos, al azar, en un grupo de desarrollo que corrrespondió a 95 pacientes, 100 imágenes de aneurismas y un grupo de validación que incluyó 57 pacientes con 60 imágenes de aneurismas. Se realizaron mediciones y segmentaciones de los aneurismas; se obtuvieron nueve factores morfológicos. Se realizó una combinación multivariante, mediante regresión logística múltiple, que expresó seis factores demográficos, clínicos y mofológicos predictivos obtenidos de los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes. La selección para inclusión de los factores fue realizada a partir de un consenso de 15 expertos con más de 15 años de experiencia en el tema. Se confeccionó un nomograma representativo del modelo con los predictores significativos. Se evaluó la calibración y la precisión del instrumento predictivo representado por un modelo y su nomograma. Resultados: el instrumento quedó conformado por cinco predictores que resultaron estadísticamente significativos asociados con la rotura en el análisis multivariado: el sexo femenino, la razón de aspecto, el mayor ancho del domo, el volumen, y el índice de no esfericidad. El nomograma mostró una buena calibración y discriminación (grupo de entrenamiento: área bajo la curva = 99 %; grupo de validación área bajo la curva=99 % ). Conclusiones: el instrumento predictivo, validado y representado por el nomograma es un modelo útil para estratificar el riesgo de rotura de aneurismas. Puede emplearse para el seguimiento de aneurismas considerados de menor riesgo.

Background: the stratification of the intracranial aneurysms rupture risk is important to decide the strategy before those patients with aneurysms that are incidental or asymptomatic. There is no consensus to determine the performance of surgical intervention or medical follow-up of these patients. Objective: to develop a predictive instrument for incidental intracranial aneurysm rupture. Methods: a sample of 152 patients diagnosed by computed tomography angiography of ruptured (n=138) and unruptured (n=22) saccular intracranial aneurysms was included. The 160 images of intracranial aneurysms were studied. The 152 patients were randomly divided into a development group consisting of 95 patients, 100 aneurysm images, and a validation group consisting of 57 patients, 60 aneurysm images. Measurements and segmentations of the aneurysms were performed; nine morphological factors were obtained. A multivariate combination was performed, using multiple logistic regression, which expressed six predictive demographic, clinical and morphological factors obtained from the clinical records of the patients. The selection for inclusion of the factors was made from a consensus of 15 experts with more than 15 years of experience in the subject. A representative nomogram of the model with the significant predictors was made. Calibration and accuracy of the predictive instrument represented by a model and its nomogram were evaluated. Results: the instrument was made up of five predictors that were statistically significant associated with breakage in the multivariate analysis: female sex, aspect ratio, the greatest width of the dome, volume, and non-sphericity index. The nomogram showed good calibration and discrimination (training group: area under the curve = 99%; validation group area under the curve = 99% ). Conclusions: the predictive instrument, validated and represented by the nomogram, is a useful model to stratify the risk of aneurysm rupture. It can be used to monitor aneurysms considered to be of lower risk.

Big data analysis of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most cited articles / Análise de grandes dados do tratamento endovascular de aneurismas intracranianos: uma análise bibliométrica dos 100 artigos mais citados

Abstract Background The impact of a literature report on a particular subject can be measured by its number of citations. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the literature reports in the field of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) by analyzing the top 100 most cited articles. It should be noted that the focus of this study is to describe the bibliometric characteristics. Methods This bibliometric analysis dedicated only to endovascular treatment of IAs in our study. We searched the top 100 most cited articles in the field of endovascular treatment of IAs using the search tool of the Web of Science (WOS). We evaluated the characteristics of these high-impact publications, including publication year, category, journal, author's country, etc. Results The top 100 most cited articles were cited 281.3 times, on average. The United States has published the most articles every year compared with other countries. These highly cited articles are mostly published in the Journal of Neurosurgery. Eighty-six of the top 100 most cited articles were clinical studies. Conclusion The bibliometric analysis provides insight over the development and the growing trend in endovascular treatment of IAs. This study can help researchers better understand the global overview of this field, and it also provides leads about promising areas of future research and potential collaborations.

Resumo Antecedentes O impacto de um relato de literatura sobre um determinado assunto pode ser medido pelo seu número de citações. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características dos relatos da literatura na área de tratamento endovascular de aneurismas intracranianos (AIs), analisando os 100 artigos mais citados. Ressalta-se que o foco deste estudo é descrever as características bibliométricas. Métodos Esta análise bibliométrica foi dedicada apenas ao tratamento endovascular dos AIs em nosso estudo. Pesquisamos os 100 artigos mais citados na área de tratamento endovascular de AIs usando a ferramenta de busca daWeb of Science (WOS). Avaliamos as características dessas publicações de alto impacto, incluindo ano de publicação, categoria, periódico, país do autor etc. Resultados Os 100 artigos mais citados foram citados 281,3 vezes, em média. Os Estados Unidos publicaram o maior número de artigos todos os anos em comparação com outros países. Esses artigos altamente citados são publicados principalmente noJournal of Neurosurgery. Oitenta e seis dos 100 artigos mais citados eram estudos clínicos. Conclusão A análise bibliométrica fornece informações sobre o desenvolvimento e a tendência crescente no tratamento endovascular das AI. Este estudo pode ajudar os pesquisadores a entender melhor a visão global desse campo e também fornece pistas sobre áreas promissoras de pesquisas futuras e potenciais colaborações.

Aneurisma tipo blister roto con manejo satifactorio con la técnica de remodelado - Reporte de un caso

Introducción : Los aneurismas tipo blíster son aneurismas pequeños, complejos, menores de 3mm, con alta tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad, así como de resangrado y recurrencia. Son difíciles de tratar y se han propuesto técnicas microquirúrgicas y endovasculares, siendo estas últimas las de menor tasa de complicaciones. Caso Clínico : Mujer de 74 años, ingresa con 6 horas de evolución de trastorno de sensorio brusco. La tomografía muestra hemorragia subaracnoidea difusa a predominio izquierdo. Se le realiza una angiografía cerebral que evidencia un aneurisma blíster de la trifurcación de la arteria cerebral media izquierda. Se emboliza con técnica de remodeling y coils, logrando obliterar la totalidad del aneurisma. Conclusión : Los aneurismas tipo blíster son aneurismas complejos y raros, siendo la terapia endovascular una alternativa segura y eficaz con menor tasa de complicaciones.

Introduction : Blister-like aneurysms are small, complex, smaller than 3mm, with high rate of morbidity and mortality, as well as rebleeding and recurrence. They are difficult to treat and microsurgical and endovascular techniques are current treatment modalities. Endovascular technique has the lowest rate of complications. Clinical case : 74-year-old woman, admitted with 6 hours of sudden sensory disorder. The CT scan shows diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage predominantly on the left side. A cerebral angiography showed a blister-like aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery trifurcation. The patient was treated with coiling and remodeling technique, achieving a complete occlusion. Conclusion : Blister-like aneurysms are complex and rare, whereas endovascular therapy is a safe and effective alternative with low complication rate.

Utilidad de la angiografía intra-operatoria en el tratamiento quirúrgico de malformaciones arteriovenosas y aneurismas intracraneales

Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad de la angiografía intraoperatoria (AIO) para detectar lesiones residuales en casos de resección quirúrgica de malformaciones arteriovenosas (MAV) y aneurismas intracraneales. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, tipo serie de casos. Entre noviembre de 1993 y abril de 2001, se diagnosticaron 778 pacientes con patología vascular cerebral, de los cuales 477 fueron sometidos a cirugía. Se empleó AIO en 119 casos y se analizaron las variables clínicas y radiológicas. Resultados: Se analizaron 119 casos, 105 (88,2%) con MAV y 14 (11,8%) con aneurisma. La edad promedio fue de 35 años (rango 6 - 69) y el sexo masculino representó el 52% de los casos. La asociación entre MAV y aneurisma se encontró en 17 casos (14,3%). El aneurisma más frecuente fue el paraclinoideo gigante (71,3%), mientras que las MAV supratentoriales y Spetzler-Martin grado 3 representaron el 83,8% y 73,3% de los casos, respectivamente. Se demostró lesión residual en 7 casos, de los cuales 5 fueron nido residual de MAV y 2 casos aneurisma remanente. Las complicaciones relacionadas a la AIO fueron del 3,4% y mortalidad del 2,5%. Conclusiones: La AIO es una técnica útil para detectar lesiones residuales en patología vascular cerebral sometidas a cirugía abierta.

SUMMARY Objective: To determine the utility of intraoperative angiography (IOA) to detect residual lesions after surgical repair of arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and intracranial aneurysms (ICA). Methods: This is a case series including 778 patients from November 1993 to April 2001; of which 477 underwent surgical intervention. IOA was used in 119 cases. Results: A total of 119 cases were analyzed, 105 patients with AVM (88.2%) and 14 with an aneurysm (11.8%). The mean age was 35 years (range 6 - 69) and males represented 52% of the cases. Both AVM and aneurysms occurred in 17 cases (14.3%). Giant paraclinoid aneurysm was the most common aneurysm (71.3%), whereas supratentorial and grade 3 Spetzler-Martin AVM represented 83.3% and 73.3% of the cases, respectively. A residual lesion was was detected in 7 cases, of which 5 were residual nidus of an AVM and 2 remnant aneurysms. IOA-related complications occurred in 3.4% and mortality was 2.5%. Conclusions: IOA is a useful technique to detect residual cerebro-vascular lesions after open surgeries